What initial actions should be taken if kernicterus and opisthotonos are occurring?

The occurrence of kernicterus and opisthotonos in an infant indicates significant neurological impairment, often due to severe hyperbilirubinemia leading to bilirubin-induced brain damage. The initial response in such critical situations is to position the infant safely—turning the baby on their side helps maintain an open airway and reduce the risk of aspiration, as opisthotonos can cause difficulties in positioning due to muscle rigidity and abnormal posturing.

Calling the healthcare provider is crucial, as immediate medical intervention may be required. This could involve treatments like phototherapy or exchange transfusion, which are appropriate for managing the elevated bilirubin levels causing kernicterus.

Other options may not adequately address the immediate needs of the infant experiencing these severe symptoms. Holding fluids and monitoring, for instance, does not provide immediate intervention for the underlying issues. Immediate blood transfusions are not standard initial responses unless specifically indicated, and oral feeding is not appropriate given the risk of aspiration in a child exhibiting opisthotonos.