If a patient does not have lung issues or prolonged vomiting, what condition should be suspected?

When considering the patient's condition, the absence of lung issues or prolonged vomiting makes Metabolic Acidosis the most likely scenario. Metabolic Acidosis occurs when there is an accumulation of acid in the body or a loss of bicarbonate. This condition can arise due to various factors such as diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, or severe dehydration, none of which are directly related to the respiratory system or prolonged vomiting.

In contrast, conditions like Respiratory Acidosis and Respiratory Alkalosis would typically involve issues with lung function, which the question specifies are not present. Metabolic Alkalosis, on the other hand, often results from excessive loss of acid or an increase in bicarbonate, commonly associated with vomiting or certain diuretic use; again, this does not align with the scenario described. Therefore, given the context provided, Metabolic Acidosis is the most plausible condition to suspect.